Global 5G Non-Terrestrial Network Connectivity Demonstrator

Airbus UpNext has initiated the Airbus UpNext SpaceRAN (Space Radio Access Network) demonstrator to evaluate advanced 5G non-terrestrial network (NTN) connectivity capabilities through software-defined satellite technologies, targeting continuous and standardised digital supply chain connectivity across aviation, defence, and governmental systems.

Introduction to 5G NTN and Relevance
The Airbus UpNext SpaceRAN demonstrator explores the integration of 5G cellular network standards with satellite-based NTN infrastructure to deliver ubiquitous connectivity that is not constrained by terrestrial network coverage. Traditional 5G networks rely on ground-based infrastructure such as cellular towers and fibre-optic backhaul, which do not provide consistent connectivity over remote or aerial domains. NTN architectures extend 5G coverage using satellite platforms in low-Earth orbit (LEO), enabling high-throughput, low-latency communications outside conventional networks—a capability increasingly relevant for commercial aviation operations, connected defence assets, and remote or maritime applications.

Technical Approach and Demonstrator Architecture
The SpaceRAN demonstrator leverages software-defined satellite capabilities, wherein satellites perform onboard signal processing rather than merely relaying signals. This architecture enables the satellite payload to receive, process, and regenerate 5G signals in orbit, reducing latency and improving data throughput compared with traditional bent-pipe relay satellites. Software-defined satellites can be reconfigured from the ground after launch, allowing dynamic updates to network functions and optimisation algorithms without physical hardware changes.

Testing under the programme will occur on two platforms. A ground-based testbed will simulate a two-satellite LEO constellation to assess key functions such as beam handovers and satellite mobility management, which are critical to maintaining session continuity as assets move between coverage zones. A subsequent in-orbit phase will deploy a 5G NTN payload on an Airbus LEO satellite to act as a space-based 5G base station, with in-orbit testing anticipated in 2028 following a 2027 launch.

Application Areas and Benefits
By processing 5G signals in space with regenerating payloads, NTN systems can reduce dependence on ground infrastructure, which in turn lowers operational costs and enhances coverage resilience. For aviation, this could contribute to expanded connectivity for flight operations, sensor data streaming, and passenger services where terrestrial networks are unavailable. Defence and government users may benefit from secure, sovereign communications independent of third-party terrestrial carriers. In broader technical ecosystems, satellite-enabled 5G NTN could support Internet of Things (IoT) deployments across remote industrial assets and integrate into global digital supply chain infrastructures requiring continuous, high-reliability connectivity.

Collaborative and Standardisation Efforts
The demonstrator is supported through collaboration with technology partners including Aalyria, AccelerComm, CesiumAstro, Deutsche Telekom, Eutelsat, the Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI), Keysight Technologies, Onati, Radisys, Sener, and ST Engineering iDirect, reflecting a multi-stakeholder approach to developing a non-proprietary NTN ecosystem. The work also aligns with France’s Future Networks strategy, supported under the France 2030 investment plan. Establishing open standards and interoperability in 5G NTN is a strategic objective to ensure competitive alternatives to proprietary communications systems and to facilitate integration with terrestrial and other non-terrestrial network components.

Forward Outlook
By demonstrating software-defined satellite processing of 5G NTN traffic and advancing standardised global connectivity mechanisms, the SpaceRAN initiative positions Airbus and its partners to influence next-generation wireless architectures that bridge space and terrestrial networks. The outcomes are expected to inform future network specification work and contribute to the evolution toward 6G-capable NTN systems with broader industry adoption.

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